![]() in pretérito perfecto, we use time markers that began in the past but include the presentĮxample: Esta mañana he regado las plantas.in presente, the time marker tells us how long the action has been going on, i.e., its durationĮxample: Vivo en Madrid desde 2019.The past perfect describes what a person 'had done' before something else happened in the past. In other words, to conjugate this tense, we need two verbs: the auxiliary verb haber and a main verb in past participle form. The past perfect expresses an action that happened in the past before another past action. In Spanish, the past perfect is a compound tense. Time markers act as signal words for the Spanish present and present perfect tenses. The present perfect is formed by combining the present indicative of the verb haber (conjugated to the subject of the sentence) and the past participle. 'Present indicative of haber + estado + gerund' is the equivalent of 'have/has + been + gerund,' and. Their usage in the two languages is similar. ![]() ![]() (In English its the present tense of 'to have' followed by the past participle. Combine the gerund with the present perfect or pluperfect tense of estar (or of 'to be' in English), and you end up with the past perfect progressive tenses. The following tables show the rules for each verb form and offer examples. In Spanish, the present perfect tense is formed by the present tense of haber followed by the past participle. the pretérito perfecto expresses completed past actions that appear with a present time markerĮxample: Hoy he regado las plantas. Regular Spanish verbs follow regular rules when they become present participles, verbs that end in -ing in English, and past participles, verbs that end in -ed or-en in English.the presente expresses actions that started in the past and are still ongoing in the presentĮxample: Vivo en Madrid.If the action has been (recently) completed, we use the perfect. If the action is in progress or is still ongoing, we use the present tense. To know when to use the present tense and when to use the perfect tense in Spanish grammar, we have to focus on two key things: the status of the action and the time markers in the sentence.
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